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Ivan Fyodorov (printer)
Ivan Fyodorov ((ロシア語:Ива́н Фёдоров), sometimes transliterated as ''Fedorov'' or ''Fiodorov'') or Fedorovič ((ウクライナ語:Іва́н Федоро́вич) ''Fedorovych'', (ポーランド語:Iwan Fedorowicz), ''Fedorow'') (born ca. 1525, died December 16, 1583 in Lwów, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) was one of the fathers of Eastern Slavonic printing (along with Schweipolt Fiol and Francysk Skaryna), he was the first printer in Russia and Ukraine, he was also a skilled cannon maker and the inventor of a multibarreled mortar.
== Name ==
In those times Russians still did not have hereditary surnames, but used patronymics or nicknames, which were also not stable. In his first book "Apostolos" (printed in Moscow in 1564) he called himself in typical Russian style ''Ivan Fedorov'' that is "Ivan, son of Fedor". In his other famous book "Ostrog Bible" (1581) he called himself in both Church Slavonic and Greek as "Ivan, son of Feоdor (''Феодоров сын'', Θεοδώρου υἱός), a printer from Moscow". In the Greek version there was "from Great Russia" instead of "from Moscow". But when he was living for a long time in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he adopted a Polish style "patronymic surname" and also added a nickname indicating his origin. In his Latin documents he signed ''Johannes Theodori Moscus'' (that is "a Muscovite"), or ''Ioannes Fedorowicz Moschus, typographus Græcus et Sclavonicus''. As a result of the dialectical replacement of consonant with in East Slavic the first letter F was sometimes changed, so the patronymic became ''Chwedorowicz'' or ''Chodorowicz''. In his later Slavonic books (printed in PLC) he signed "Ioann (Ivan) Fe(o)dorovich" (with some orthographic differences), and added a nickname "a Muscovite printer" or just simply "a Muscovite".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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